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Teacher Notes for Newton's Laws

 

Lesson Plans || Learning Outcomes and Activities || Teacher Notes || Labs
 

Unit Overview

We estimate this to be a 13-day unit. An additional day should be added for an exam. There are three primary goals for this time:
  1. To understand that forces result from mutual interactions between an object and its surroundings and so to determine which forces act upon an object one must ask how that object is interacting with other objects in its surroundings.
  2. To develop the skill of analyzing a situation, identifying the individual forces that are present on the identified object(s), constructing a free-body diagram to represent the relative magnitude and direction of the forces, and relating the individual force values to the object's acceleration.
  3. To establish a firm belief in the idea that forces, when unbalanced, cause an acceleration. And that objects moving at a constant speed are not necessarily acted upon by a force and are certainly not experiencing more force in the direction of motion than force that opposes the motion.
The above is often described as Newton's three laws of motion and is presented above in reverse order - 3rd, then 2nd, and finally 1st.

The activities that we have selected for our Lesson Plans and Learning Outcomes and Activities are primarily focused on supporting the development of these three goals. But like the 1D Kinematics unit, there are likely enough activities on our website to prolong this unit for many more days. As such, you will need to be a bit selective. You don't need to do all the activities. All the activities have value for some classrooms. But not all classrooms need to do all the activities. For instance you may find that you need more help with analyzing forces and applying Newton's second law. If so, you will find several additional supports than those described in the Lesson Plans.


 

The Calculator Pad (a.k.a., CalcPad)

When it comes to solving Physics word problems or simply conducting a mathematical analysis of a physical situation, our CalcPad section is the go-to resource. We have nearly 150 ready-to-use problems organized into 20 different short problem sets for the topic of Newton's Laws. With a Task Tracker subscription, you can organized the pre-made problems into your own problem sets and even write your own problems. We have created eight different custom problems sets for this unit that represent a re-organization of those ~150 problems. With a Task Tracker subscription, you can assign these to your students and even edit them by removing or adding problems.

Unlike the Algebra-Based Physics course, the Honors Physics course places an emphasis on combining Newton's Laws and kinematic equations. That emphasis will be clearly evident in the later problem sets of this unit. 


 

Two-Body Problems

There are several differences between the Honors Physics version of Newton's Laws and the On-Level version. One of those differences is the inclusion of two-body problems in the Honors Physics course. We have referenced a reading from the Tutorial and a video from our YouTube channel. We have suggested a lab (Lab 8) and added a Think Sheet with four example problems. We have devoted a CalcPad problem set to the topic (Set 7) and added a few other problems to the last CalcPad problem set (Set 8). Those who would like more resources may find our simulation titled Atwood's Machine to also be useful.



 

Looking for a Project Idea?

Many teachers like to provide students with open-ended projects. Projects often excel at fostering student creativity, increasing student engagement, affording opportunities for students to explore the connection between Physics and their daily lives, and providing alternative means of assessing student understanding.

One project that we think would quickly pique students interest is our Falling Bodies 1D Interactive. This Interactive provides students with a numerical modeling tool for exploring open-ended questions that pertain to the falling motion of an object. The Interactive is accompanied by a ready-to-use Student Activity Sheet with an accompanying Scoring Rubric. The activity can even be downloaded as a Microsoft Word document and modified to your liking.

Visit Falling Bodies 1D Interactive.


 

Other Resources

There are a few resources that we did not list in our Lesson Plans and Learning Outcomes and Activities that you may find to be very helpful. These include:
 
  1. Science Reasoning Center: Friction
    Describes a complex set of three experiments exploring the effect of several variables upon the amount of friction experienced by a wooden block dragged across a surface. Data is presented in the form of three different data tables. Students must analyze the results and identify appropriate conclusions.
  2. Concept Checker: Force
    If you do the Force Interactive on Day 5, you may wish to combine it with the Force Concept Checker. Concept Checkers are designed to coordinate with the downloadable Student Activity Sheet and serve as an effective check for understanding.
  3. Physics Interactives: Falling Bodies - 1D
    Looking for a student project? The Falling Bodies 1D interactive is a numerical modeling program that models the falling motion of an object in the presence of air resistance. It is perfect for allowing students to ask What if ...?-styled question and explore the answer. What if the skydiver had a greater mass? What if there was no air resistance? What if the fall occurred on the moon instead of on Earth? 
  4. Concept Builder: Mass and Weight
    Students distinguish between the concepts of mass and weight and to calculate the mass and the weight from given information.
  5. Concept Builder: Air Resistance and Skydiving
    Students combine an understanding of the factors affecting air resistance with an application of Newton’s second law and kinematic concepts in order to analyze a skydiver’s motion.
  6. Minds On Physics: Mission NL11 on Air Resistance
    Students answer questions pertaining to the concept of air resistance and the factors that affect the amount of air resistance experienced by an object. 


 

Science Reasoning Center Activities

We have several Newton's Laws activities at our Science Reasoning Center. These provide a slightly different approach than Concept Builders or Minds On Physics. They tend to de-emphasize  conceptual development and emphasize scientific processing, data interpretation, experimental analysis, etc. They often make great follow-ups to labs and can sometimes be used as an introduction to a topic. Several of them specifically target NGSS performance expectations; see Cart, Bricks, and Bands and Fan Cart Study as examples. If you have a Task Tracker subscription, visit the Teacher Resources section in order to quickly preview the activity and navigate through all the questions.

 

Teacher Presentation Pack

We're not going to lie. We are biased. We think our Teacher Presentation Pack is an exceptional offering. You will find a wide collection of Slide Decks and animations for use in your classroom. Once downloaded, you can modify and customize them as needed. They can make your presentations more efficient. One or two slides might serve as quick reference prior to starting an activity. Or an animation might make a concept come alive.
 

 

 

Also Available ...

Physics teachers may find the following for-sale tools to be useful supplements to our Lesson Plan and Pacing Guide section:

 

  1. Task Tracker Subscription (annual purchase)
    A subscription allows teachers to set up classes, add students, customize online assignments, view student progress/scores, and export student scores. Task Tracker accounts allow your students to begin assignments in class or at school and to finish them at home. View our Seat and Cost Calculator for pricing details.
     
  2. The Solutions Guide
    We publish a free curriculum with >200 ready-to-use Think Sheets for developing physics concepts. The Solutions Guide is a download containing the source documents, PDFs of source documents, and answers/solutions in MS Word and PDF format. An expanded license agreement is included with the purchase. (Cost: $25 download)
     
  3. Teacher Presentation Pack
    This is a large collection of downloadable content packed with nearly 190 Microsoft PowerPoint slide decks, the corresponding Lesson Notes (as PDF and fully-modifiable MS Word format), about 170 animations (in .gif, .png, and .mp4 file formats), a countless number of ready-to-use images (including the original source documents that would allow for easy modification of those images), and a license that allows teachers to modify and use all the content with their classes on password-protected sites (such as course management systems).  (Cost: $40 download)
     
  4. Question Bank
    We distribute a Question Bank that includes more than 9300 questions neatly organized according to topic. The Question Bank is the perfect tool for busy teachers or new teachers. Even if you don't use the website with your classes, the Question Bank will assist you in quickly putting together quizzes, tests and other documents with high-quality questions that target student's conceptions of physics principles. And if you do use The Physics Classroom website, the Question Bank is the perfect complement to the materials found at the website. (Cost: $25 download)