An open-end organ pipe has a length of 0.644 m and a third harmonic frequency of 787 Hz. Calculate the speed of sound in the air of the pipe.

A musical recorder acts as an open-end air column, with a vibrational antinode located at the hole near the mouthpiece (known as the windway hole) and a vibrational antinode located at the nearest open tone hole. Blowing gently on the mouthpiece will force the air column to vibrate at its fundamental frequency. Assuming a speed of sound of 349 m/s, what length of air would be required to cause the recorder to sound out at 950 Hz?

If a bugle’s spiraling column of air were straightened out, then it would be 2.65 m in length. Assuming it vibrates as an open-end air column and that the speed of sound in the column is 343 m/s, determine the lowest frequency that the bugle can produce.

It’s another WOW! moment in Mr. Stanson’s Physics class as he whirls a 59.8-cm long corrugated plastic tube in a circle. The Whirly acts like an open end air column. Assuming a speed of sound of 344 m/s, determine its fundamental frequency.

Middle C on a piano keyboard corresponds to a frequency of 262 Hz. Determine the length (in cm) of an open-end air column whose fundamental matches this frequency. Use a value of 349 m/s as the speed of sound.

In Delilah’s musical instrument project, she wishes to make an open-end pipe that produces the frequency of Middle C – 261.6 Hz. 

Consider an open-end air column that produces a fundamental frequency of 371 Hz. The speed of sound in the air column depends on temperature and can be calculated using the equation on the Equation Overview page.