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Objective: To identify whether positive, negative, or zero work is being done, to identify the force that is doing the work, and to describe the energy transformation associated with such work.

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The Periodic Table, Ions, and Ionic Compounds

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Relate the tendency of atoms to form ions to the changes occurring in its sub-structure and to the location of the element on the periodic table.

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Use an electron shell diagram to predict how a neutral atom would maximize its stability and to explain why such ion formation occurs.

Predict formulas for ionic compounds based upon the elemental groups which main group elements belong to.

Use the electron shell diagram of an element to predict the likely ion charge and the formula of common ionic compounds it would form.

Building a Model About Ion Formation

Complete a paragaph with 14 missing words or phrases that describes the formation of an ionic bond between a sodium and a chloride atom.

The Sub-Structure of Atoms and Ions

The Periodic Table and Ionic Compounds

Electron Shells and Formulas

Describing an Ionic Bond

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4,4,4,4,6,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3

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4,1,6,6,5

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Sub-Structure of Atoms and Ions,Describing an Ionic Bond,A Model of Ion Formation,Electron Shells and Formulas,Periodic Table and Formulas

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Stopping Distance One aspect of safe driving involves the ability to stop a car readily. This ability depends upon the driver's alertness and readiness to stop, the conditions of the road, the speed of the car, and the braking characteristics of the car. The actual distance it takes to stop a car consists of two parts - the reaction distance and braking distance. When a driver sees an event in his/her field of view that might warrant braking (for example, a dog running into the street), a collection of actions must be taken before the braking actually begins. First the driver must identify the event and decide if braking is necessary. Then the driver must lift his/her foot off the gas pedal and move it to the brake pedal. And finally, the driver must press the brake down its full distance in order to obtain maximum braking acceleration. The time to do all this is known as the reaction time. The distance traveled during this time is known as the reaction distance. Once the brakes are applied, the car begins to slow to a stop. The distance traveled by the car during this time is known as the braking distance. The braking distance is dependent upon the original speed of the car, the road conditions, and characteristics of the car such as its profile area, mass and tire conditions. Figure 1 shows the stopping distance for a Toyota Prius on dry pavement resulting from a 0.75-second reaction time. The reaction time of the driver is highly dependent upon the alertness of the driver. Small changes in reaction time can have a large effect upon the total stopping distance. Table 1 shows the reaction distance, braking distance, and total stopping distance for a Toyota Prius with an original speed of 50.0 mi/hr and varying reaction times.

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Consider the formulas of binary ionic compounds formed by four main group elements:

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Which conclusions are supported by the data above? Select all that apply.

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The electron shell diagram for a neutral atom is shown. Study the diagram to answer the questions. Tap the blanks to toggle through the answer options. Once all blanks have been completed, you can check your answers.