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Objective: To identify whether positive, negative, or zero work is being done, to identify the force that is doing the work, and to describe the energy transformation associated with such work.

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Light Reflection and Transmission

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Identify basic patterns in the provided data and determine values from the given graphs.

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Analyze situations in which light in a material approaches the boundary with air at varying angles and for varying materials.

What affects the percentage of reflection and transmission of light at the boundary between two transparent media?

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Compare percent reflection values for different materials and angles; use graphs to interpolate; and combine values from a table and a graph.

Discovering Basic Patterns

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Making Deeper Connections

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Reflection and Transmission When light traveling through air strikes the surface of a transparent material (e.g., glass) a fraction of the light will be reflected and a fraction will be transmitted into the material. See Figure 1. The exact values of these fractions depend on a variety of factors. The most notable factors include the angle of incidence (θi in Figure 1) and the index of refraction of air and of the material that the light is approaching. The index of refraction of air is approximately 1.00. The index of refraction of other materials is shown in Table 1. Figure 2 shows the dependence of the percent reflection upon the angle of incidence for light traveling through air and approaching four different materials. The above examples are for light moving from air into another material. If the light moves from some material into air, a dramatic difference is observed. This is shown in Figure 3. For each material, there is an angle that is noticeably less than 90° at which 100% reflection occurs. This angle is known as the critical angle. For any angle of incidence greater than the critical angle, 100% of the light undergoes reflection and 0% of the light transmits across the boundary. The value of the critical angle is dependent upon the index of refraction of the material. Thus, different materials have different critical angle values.

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Each Science Reasoning task is based on a passage or story that presents data and information or describes an experiment or phenomenon. Students must combine an understanding of science content and science reasoning skills (science practices) to answer questions about the passage or story. Tap anywhere to view the passage.

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Physics-Interactives/Static-Electricity/

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1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,3,1,2,1,1,2

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Discovering Basic Patterns,Making Deeper Connections,Changing It Up

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