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Objective: To identify whether positive, negative, or zero work is being done, to identify the force that is doing the work, and to describe the energy transformation associated with such work.

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Light Intensity

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Identify basic patterns in the provided data.

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Describe the relationship between bulb power, distance, and light intensity using graphs and proportionality statements

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Provide a geometric explanation for the inverse square law (Figure 1).

To apply the relationship between power, distance and intensity to analyze a variety of situations.

Data Interpretation - Wizard Level

Use the patterns in the data to predict values that lie outside the range of the given values.

Data Interpretation - Apprentice Level

Understanding and Using Models - Wizard Level

Understanding and Using Models - Master Level

Data Interpretation - Master Level

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Light Intensity The term intensity describes the rate at which light spreads over a given area of a surface some distance from its source. The intensity varies with the distance from and the power of the source. Power is a property of the light source that describes the rate at which light energy is emitted by the source. Power is often expressed in units of watts. Table 1 shows the dependence of intensity (I) upon the distance (r) from a 60-watt light bulb. Numbers are rounded to the second decimal place. Different light bulbs are rated to have different power values. Typically, the purpose of a light source determines what power bulb will be used in the source. A night light bulb will have a lower power rating than the light bulb used in a floor lamp. Table 2 shows the intensity (I) at a distance of 1.0 meter from various bulbs. In Physics, the model for explaining how light travels from a source through space is represented in Figure 1. Light energy emitted by the source (S) travels outward in all directions. The rays indicate the straight-line paths of a photon through space. Of course, the greater the distance (r) from the source, the further apart that the rays become. At a distance r from the source, there are nine rays passing through the square area. These rays carry energy through the surroundings. At distances further from the source, the same energy spreads over a wider area. For example, at a distance of 2r, these same nine rays pass through an area that is four times larger than the original square. Thus, the intensity (rate at which light lands upon a given area of a surface) decreases with increasing distance from the source.

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