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Objective: To identify whether positive, negative, or zero work is being done, to identify the force that is doing the work, and to describe the energy transformation associated with such work.

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Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Use the Figure 1 to identify the manner in which one variable changes as another variable is changed.

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Use principles related to reflection, transmission, and diffraction to describe the behavior of different EM waves under specified conditions.

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Use orders of magnitude to quantitatively compare wavelengths, frequency, and energies of the various regions of the EM spectrum.

Behavior of Electromagnetic Waves

Compare the wavelength, frequency, and energy per photon of the various regions of the EM spectrum.

Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy Patterns

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Orders of Magnitude

Comparing Electromagnetic Waves

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The Electromagnetic Spectrum A vibrating charge creates an electromagnetic wave. An electromagnetic (EM) wave is a fluctuating electric and magnetic field that spreads from the source through the surrounding space. Such waves exhibit properties that are characteristic of any wave. One characteristic of EM waves is that they have measurable wavelengths and frequencies. In fact, electromagnetic waves exist in a wide range of wavelengths and frequencies, commonly referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum. Scientists have divided the entire spectrum into distinct regions or bands and given each region its own name. Some of these names include radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light waves, ultraviolet waves, x-rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum with its various regions are shown in Figure 1. The wavelength of an EM wave has an effect upon its wave behavior. For instance, waves carries energy through space and the amount of energy carried through space by an EM wave varies with wavelength. As these waves encounter obstacles in their path, they can be reflected (bounced off), diffracted (bend around), and transmitted (passed through). The ability to diffract, as opposed to being reflected, depends upon the wavelength. When the wavelength of an EM wave is smaller than the size of the object it encounters, the wave will either be reflected or transmitted by the object. On the other hand, an EM wave with a wavelength that is larger than the object it encounters will diffract around the object and not be reflected. These behaviors are not only observed of EM waves, they are observed of all types of waves.

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Physics-Interactives/Static-Electricity/

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Wavelength-Frequency-Energy,Comparing EM Waves,Behavior of EM Waves,Orders of Magnitude

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